The Need For A Healthy Pancreas

Most of us have probably already heard of the pancreas through our grade school science teachers. Not all of us though fully understand or appreciate the critical role of this organ in our lives. What exactly does the pancreas do? What can happen to us if it malfunctions? The Pancreas

The pancreas would look much like a yellow tongue with a pointed tip. Others would see it as looking slightly similar to a tadpole. This organ that is part of the digestive system is actually no more than 6-7 inches long. The wider end of it which is sometimes called a head is located next to the duodenum which is the uppermost portion of the small intestine. The rest of its body and tail stretches out and ends near the spleen. The two major tissues and cells that make its functions possible are the endocrine and exocrine cells.

Functions of the Pancreas

Pancreatic or digestive juices are produced by clusters of exocrine cells. The juices produced are in an inactive state while in the pancreas. The fluid is transported through the pancreatic duct and then to the common bile duct and eventually to the small intestine through the duodenum where it becomes active. Together with bile from the liver and gall bladder, pancreatic juices help in proper digestion. Pancreatic juices break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins. It also neutralizes gastric juices.

The pancreas also contains endocrine cells grouped together and collectively known as the islets of Langerhans. These cells release hormones that are crucial to maintaining normal glucose levels. Insulin lowers the levels of blood sugar by letting glucose enter cells that use it for energy. Glucagon raises the levels of blood glucose if the levels are too little. A third substance, somatostatin manages the release of both glucagon and insulin. If everything is well in the pancreas, the secreted substances from the endocrine cells work in automatic cooperation with each other.

Problems with the Pancreas

Some people may not be so fortunate to have healthy and fully functional pancreases. This may lead to the development of some diseases.

The most well known disorder that affects the pancreas is type 1 diabetes. People with this condition can’t release sufficient insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. This results in bouts of dangerously high glucose levels that may lead to organ damage.

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas. The chronic type can severely injure both the exocrine and endocrine cells. Diabetes and poor absorption of nutrients may result from the damage. It is believed that extreme and prolonged alcohol drinking may play a role in the development of pancreatitis.

Pancreatic cancer is a condition with causes that are not fully understood. It also does not seem to be as common as other types of cancer in some parts of the world but it is a very deadly condition. A person with pancreatic cancer may not immediately show symptoms until the advanced stages of the condition. Some patients die in less than one year after diagnosis.